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Sponsor: National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development
Deadline(s): 5/1/2003, 9/1/2003
Objectives:
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and
the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite qualified
researchers to submit applications to study the demographic, social, and
behavioral aspects of the transmission of HIV through sexual
intercourse. This program announcement describes NICHD and NIMH programs
of behavioral research in the sexual transmission of HIV, which include
five general areas: demographic studies of sexual behaviors related to HIV
transmission looking at individuals of all ages; studies of the
interrelationships between social, institutional, economic, and cultural
contexts and sexual behavior; studies of the interrelationships among
pregnancy, pregnancy prevention, and HIV prevention; theoretically
grounded intervention studies within these areas; and studies of the
appropriate methodologies for addressing sensitive issues and complex
data. This program announcement particularly encourages studies in
populations most vulnerable to the sexual transmission of HIV both in the
U.S. and world wide-- minority men and women, men who have sex with men,
and youth, especially disadvantaged youth. The sponsors support
innovative theory and innovative methodologies to address the general
areas of study, described below. The goal of this program announcement is
improved knowledge applicable to behavioral strategies for the prevention
of sexual transmission of HIV infection. Research is encouraged to
address these problems worldwide, in population concentrations and
geographic areas where the disease has been shown to have major impact or
risk of HIV infection is high. Other sexually transmitted diseases and
other sequelae of sexual behavior, as well as relevant aspects of sexual
behavior itself, also may be used as endpoints of proposed research as
long as the relationship of the specific research question to HIV
prevention is adequately demonstrated. Research sought includes but is
not limited to the following topics:
DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES--specific topics include, but are not limited to: trends in HIV-related sexual behaviors and the determinants of those trends; studies characterizing trends in the content of information provided to students in the health professions, health care professionals, the public or members of high-risk groups about sexual practices as related to risks for HIV transmission, and studies examining changes in target audience perceptions and understandings of messages related to the prevention of HIV transmission; population group differences in the determinants of HIV risk behaviors; impacts of changes and variations in family structure and organization on risk exposure; patterns of partner selection, concurrence, retention and change, and their effects on risk and protection; the relationship of HIV-risk sexual behavior and infection to life course transitions such as entering cohabitation, marriage, separation and divorce, and parenthood, and to changes in school enrollment, labor force participation, and economic status; factors, both individual and social/structural, that predispose individuals to initiate sexual behaviors at an early age, which may increase the risk of HIV infection; studies evaluating changes in sexual behaviors in individuals and populations associated with new developments in treatment and new information on risk and protective behaviors (e.g., use of HAART or post-exposure prophylaxis); studies of norms and values related to sexual behavior, sexual partnerships, and disease prevention, their variation among population groups and over time, and their relationship to behavioral patterns; and studies focusing on the relationships between migration and HIV risk and prevention, both in the U.S. and elsewhere. Anecdotal evidence suggests that individuals who contract HIV in cities return to homes in rural areas for care. Young gay men who move to large cities may be more at risk of exposure to HIV. Refugee and migrant populations may also experience heightened risk.
CONTEXTUAL DETERMINANTS OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR--studies might address questions such as the following. The first area of interest is the individual in the community, and research questions of interest are: how individuals' involvement in religious, social, and community organizations both organize their opportunities for social interaction and influence their sexual behaviors, in both protective and risky ways; how individuals' social networks influence their sexual behavior, how sexual behavior influences change and stability in social networks, how social networks moderate the impact of life course transitions - e.g., new jobs, divorce, moves -- on risky sexual behavior; whether (and if so, how do) social and sexual networks overlap and what are the implications of this for HIV-risk behavior; what principles and processes govern the selection of sexual partners and participation in sexual networks that place individuals at risk of infection with HIV; how the process of partnership formation varies by age or maturational status, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and the prevalence of HIV in the individual's community; and how the circumstances under which sexual partnerships are formed affect the perceptions of HIV risk within the partnership and the behaviors that occur within it, what factors influence the stability and exclusiveness of sexual partnerships, and how do HIV-risk behaviors vary with the duration and other characteristics of partnerships.
The second area of interest is the community around the individual, and questions of interest are: how the economic, social, and institutional characteristics of the communities, neighborhoods, or schools in which individuals and their social and sexual networks are embedded influence sexual behavior, how families mediate or moderate such community influences; whether local policies, laws, and their implementation influence sexual risk behaviors; how norms and values -- about gender, morality, marriage, monogamy or appropriate sexual behavior -- develop and change within and across social groups, how such norms and values interact with other contextual and individual factors to influence individuals' and couples' sexual behavior; how community civic, educational, economic, and religious institutions influence sexual behavior, how the positions and teachings of institutions - faith communities, social organizations, government agencies, educational and health agencies - influence community norms regarding sexual behavior and influence the messages to be given to particular audiences, especially youth, whether institutional support for, opposition to, or conflict concerning appropriate messages and prevention strategies has an impact on patterns of sexual risk-taking in the community; and what factors, if any, affect the influence of institutionally supported norms and teaching on HIV risk behaviors, in adults as well as youth.
INTEGRATING PREGNANCY AND HIV PREVENTION--research is sought that examines the inter-relationships among individuals' and couples' desires for pregnancy, pregnancy prevention, and avoidance of the risk of infection with HIV, and the effects of these interactions upon behavior. Examples of questions relevant to this topic include: how individuals at risk of HIV infection balance pregnancy prevention and disease prevention in making decisions about sexual behavior and the introduction and use of methods to prevent pregnancy and/or disease; how the duration and intimacy of the partnership influence the partners' communication, negotiation, and decisions concerning issues of pregnancy, pregnancy and disease prevention, and the use of risk reduction methods and strategies, and whether this varies over the life course; how individuals' estimations and abilities to accurately estimate risks-- their own and their partners' for pregnancy and HIV -- influence their use of protection, and how knowledge and beliefs concerning their own or their partner's serostatus affect use of protection from pregnancy and HIV; how perception concerning the efficacy of various prevention methods for pregnancy and disease prevention affects the ultimate use of such protection; and how actual, objective, epidemiological risk of exposure to disease and to pregnancy affects individuals' use of protection from unwanted pregnancy and from disease.
INTERVENTION STUDIES--innovative intervention studies are needed to build on the basic science findings concerning HIV-risk behavior and behavior change. Designing, implementing, and evaluating interventions which utilize mediating variables such as, for example, improving the ways in which social/sexual networks support risk-reduction strategies, improving the local institutions' influences on community norms concerning safer sex, or engaging relevant agencies in intervention work, with the goal of enabling individuals to change or modify risky behavior, are appropriate topics for research proposals. Understanding of local issues is critical to the successful implementation of such interventions. Accordingly, interventions are encouraged which involve extant local organizations in design, implementation, and replication of the project. Such proposals may target any population vulnerable to HIV and may include consideration of co-morbid conditions such as other STDs. This PA particularly encourages studies of populations most vulnerable to the sexual transmission of HIV, both in the U.S. and world wide-- minority men and women, men who have sex with men, and youth, especially, disadvantaged youth. Questions of particular interest include, but are not limited to: how the social context in which individuals live -- their social networks, communities, schools, homes, work environment - can be taken into consideration when designing and implementing interventions, and how can the influence exerted by elements of the social, institutional, and cultural contexts be harnessed in the development of more effective interventions; and how HIV-related behavior change interventions can be improved to take account of individuals' potentially competing concerns about pregnancy and disease prevention, and given the need to combine condom (or other barrier) use with hormonal contraception or sterilization to achieve the highest levels of protection against both pregnancy and disease among at-risk sexually active heterosexual people (and the challenges inherent in such work), and what strategies may be most effective under what conditions.
METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES--methodological research is invited that addresses issues in design, data collection, measurement, and analysis related to the topics addressed in this announcement. Illustrative topics include: cross-cutting approaches to link data collected in large population samples with samples selected based on high-risk behaviors; extending and improving techniques for measurement accuracy and data collection in studies of HIV-related sexual behavior, including the use of computer-assisted methods and the development and integration of appropriate biological endpoints or other markers of behavioral risk; defining and standardizing appropriate models and analytic methods for examining sexual behavior in the context of a couple, and in relation to networks and the larger social context; improving methodologies to design non-biased but cost-effective network studies; and developing and refining outcome measures and indicators appropriate for the evaluation of policy changes, prevention interventions, and the societal impact of HIV.
Applicants proposing research that draws on social scientific approaches that have not been widely applied to research on HIV-related sexual behavior are particularly encouraged to apply. Mixed methods which include both qualitative and quantitative components are especially welcomed. Collaborations involving anthropologists, historians, economics, sociologists, political scientists, epidemiologists, and psychologists may be needed to advance theoretical and methodological approaches to HIV prevention. Therefore, applicants are encouraged to consider research designs that are innovative, integrative of multiple perspectives, and utilize, as appropriate, a range of methods and analytic techniques.
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Deadline(s):8/15, 1/15 annually
Objectives:
The sponsor supports research on problems of human social organization,
demography, and processes of individual and institutional change. The
Program encourages theoretically focused empirical investigations aimed at
improving the explanation of fundamental social processes. Included is
research on organizations and organizational behavior, population
dynamics, social movements, social groups, labor force participation,
stratification and mobility, family, social networks, socialization,
gender roles, and the sociology of science and technology.
In assessing the intrinsic merit of a proposed piece of research, four components are key to securing support from the Sociology Program: (1) The issues investigated must be theoretically grounded. (2) The research should be based on empirical observation or be subject to empirical validation. (3) The research design must be appropriate to the questions asked. (4) The proposed research must advance our understanding of social processes or social structures.
Eligibility:
Eligible applicants are universities and colleges, nonprofit, non-academic
organizations, for-profit organizations, state and local governments, and
unaffiliated individuals.
Sponsor: American Sociological Association
Deadline(s):12/15, 6/15 annually
Objectives:
The awards provide scholars with venture capital for innovative research
that has the potential for challenging the discipline, stimulating new
lines of research, and creating new networks of scientific
collaboration. The award is intended to provide opportunities for
substantive and methodological breakthroughs, broaden the dissemination of
scientific knowledge, and provide leverage for acquisition of additional
research funds.
Eligibility:
Preference is given to applicants who have not previously received an
award.
Sponsor: Guggenheim (Harry Frank) Foundation
Deadline(s): August 1 annually
Objectives:
Highest priority is given to research that can increase understanding and
lead to amelioration of urgent problems of violence, aggression, and
dominance in the modern world.
Particular areas of interest concern violence, aggression, and dominance in relation to social change, the socialization of children, intergroup conflict, drug trafficking and use, family relationships, and the control of aggression and violence.
Eligibility:
The sponsor awards grants to individuals for individual projects
only. Priority is given to areas and methodologies not receiving adequate
attention and support from other funding sources.
Sponsor: School of American Research
Deadline(s):November 15 annually
Objectives:
In support of its focus on scholarship that is broad, synthetic, and
interdisciplinary and promises to yield significant advances in
understanding human culture, behavior, evolution, or critical contemporary
issues, the sponsor offers two nine-month residential fellowships to pre-
or postdoctoral scholars whose work is either humanistic or scientific in
nature.
The sponsor makes awards to scholars who have completed their research and analysis and who need time to think and write about topics important to the understanding of humankind. Resident scholars may approach their research from the perspective of anthropology or from anthropologically informed perspectives in such fields as history, sociology, art, law, and philosophy. Both humanistically and scientifically oriented scholars are encouraged to apply.
Eligibility:
Pre- or postdoctoral candidates whose work is humanistic or scientific in
nature are eligible. Applications are evaluated on the basis of the
overall excellence and significance of the proposed project, clarity of
presentation, and the applicant's academic accomplishments relative to
subdiscipline and career stage. The aplicant's research should promise to
yield some significant advance in understanding human culture, behavior,
history, or evolution. Preference is given to applicants whose research
and analysis are complete and who need time to prepare
manuscripts. Projects that are narrowly focused geographically and
theoretically or that are primarily methodological, seldom receive strong
consideration. The fellowships are not intended as immediate postdoctoral
positions, and dissertation rewrites are not encouraged.
Sponsor:Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences
Deadline: Open
Objectives:
The sponsor provides support for residential postdoctoral fellowships at
the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences. The sponsor supports
endeavors related to increasing knowledge of the principles that govern
human behavior. These fields include, but are not limited to,
anthropology, art history, biology, classics, economics, education,
geography, history, law, linguistics, literature, mathematical and
statistical specialties, medicine, musicology, philosophy, political
science, psychiatry, psychology, and sociology.
Eligibility:
Eligible candidates are postdoctoral scientists and scholars from the
United States and abroad who show exceptional accomplishment or promise in
their respective fields. Self-nominations are accepted from post-doctoral
scholars who have a record of publication.
Sponsor:American Sociological Association
Deadline(s):2/1/2003
Objectives:
These grants are intended to support projects that extend the quality
of teaching in the United States and Canada. The principal criteria for
the award are that the project is likely to: enhance the teaching of
sociology in North America; serve as a seed-project that will continue to
have and impact in months and years to come; and be systemic in its
impact.
Eligibility:
Eligible applicants may be an individual, a department, a program, or a
committee of a state/regional association. Individuals applying for the
award must be members of ASA.
Sponsor:University of New Hampshire Family Research
Laboratory
Deadline: Open
Objectives:
The sponser awards fellowships for research on family violence. Positions
are open to new and experienced researchers with doctorates in the fields
of psychology, sociology, social work, law, nursing, public health and
medicine. The fellowships are intended for work in the area of child
abuse, marital violence, elder abuse, sexual abuse, child victimization,
rape, homicide and other family-violence related topics with special
attention to mental health impact. Scholars use the one-year
fellowships(with possible one-year extension) to collaborate with Family
Research Laboratory (FRL) faculty on a current project, to work on one of
the many data sets archived at the FRL, or, in the case of senior
candidates, to work on their own projects.
Eligibility:
Applications from scholars with backgrounds in developmental or cognitive
psychology, or interests in family violence in minority families, or
families of persons with disabilities are particularily encouraged. The
individual to be trained must be a citizem or non-citizen national of the
United States, or have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence at
the time of the award. A non-citizen national is a person who, although
not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent alliegance to the
United States. They are generally persons born in outlying possessions of
the United States (e.g., American Samoa and Swains Island). Individuals
who have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence must be in
possession of a valid Alien Registration Receipt Card (I-551), or must be
in possession of other legal verification of such status (e.g., proper
validation of his/her passport, or a notarized photocopy of properly
validated passport could suffice).
Sponsor:Wolinsky Family Foundation
Deadline:Open
Objectives:
The sponser will consider applications for support in all areas of need,
including, but not limited to education, health and human services, arts
and culture, social welfare, and community development. Special regard
will be given to Jewish-related projects or organizations, but all worthy
causes will be given due consideration.
Eligibility:
Applicants must have tax-exempt status.
Sponsor:RAND
Deadline:Open
Objectives:
The sponser provides a fellowship to enable outstanding new scholars in
education policy to sharpen their analytic skills, learn to communicate
research results effectively, and advance their research agendas. The
program blends formal and informal training and extensive collaboration
with distinguished researchers in a variety of disciplines. Fellows will
spend sixty percent of their time on an appropriate sponser Education
project and forty percent of their time on their own research.
Eligibility:
Fellows must have completed a Ph.D. in a relevant discipline such as
education, psychology, sociology, economics, statistics, anthropology, or
political science within the last five years.
Sponsor:Spencer Foundation
Deadline:Open
Objectives:
The sponsor's mission is to fund activities that, anywhere in the world,
which foster new ideas in education and encourage creativity. The sponsor
prefers to fund specific initiatives that conform to the mission
statement.
Eligibility:
The sponsor funds activities from anywhere in the world.
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