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Part 5:
Influence By-- and Interactions with-- Our Environment
(Learning, Social Thinking, & Behavior)
Nov.
3 – Nov. 19
As
social animals, many of our most profound actions involve other people.
Through our constant interactions with others and our immediate
environment we
are shaped by our world and influence other people.
How do we develop as a member of society after birth?
What are the roles for other people in our lives?
Chapter
7, Learning (Nov. 3 – Nov. 7)
Chapter
9, pp. 307-327 307-319, and Chapter 17 pp. 623-644, Cognition, Social thinking &
behavior (Nov. 10 – Nov. 17)
**Lab #5, Learning (Nov. 5 & 6)
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EXAM 4:
Wednesday, Nov. 19, over Learning,
Social Thinking, and Cognition
(60 pts.)
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 PRE-LAB
#5
OUTLINE
Learning
Reading: Chapter 7
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Definition and context
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"A relatively permanent change in behavior (or
behavioral potential) because of experience."
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Role of environment in affecting behavior.
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Role of environment in reflexive, automatic behaviors
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Classical, or
Pavlovian, conditioning--
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What kinds of behaviors? |
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The terms:
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Unconditioned stimulus
(UCS)
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Unconditioned response
(UCR)
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Conditioned stimulus (CS)
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Conditioned response (CR)
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Making classical conditioning relevant (or, "What
does it mean besides making me salivate every time I hear a bell?")
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What's really learned?
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Role of environment in shaping purposeful behaviors
Operant, or Instrumental, conditioning--
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What kinds of behaviors?
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The terms:
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Positive reinforcement
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(Positive) Punishment
("aversive punishment")
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Negative reinforcement
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(Negative punishment) or Response cost
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Extinction
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Making operant conditioning relevant
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Effects of how responses delivered
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Schedules of reinforcement-- types and effects on
learning (continuous v. intermittent)
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Generalization
and discrimination: How do you know when the payoff (might) occur?-- The role
of different stimuli (discriminative stimuli)
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Is there a reason why we have the
ability to think?
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Social learning theories-- Integrating beliefs,
perceptions, and expectations into environmental controls over learning.
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Cognition
Reading:
Cognitive Processes (Thinking)
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Concepts
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Definition and uses of |
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Learning concepts |
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Mental representations of concepts:
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Propositions |
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Mental models |
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| Problem-solving
heuristics and schemas |
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Reasoning and Heuristics
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Some biases and heuristics used:
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Representativeness |
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Availability |
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Confirmation bias |
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Mental sets |
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Hindsight bias |
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Anchoring and adjustment |
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Implications for the way mental
short-cuts are used |
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Social
Cognition and Interpersonal
Processes
Reading:
Chapter
17 pp. 623-644
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Perceiving
others
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Attributions:
Processes, biases and uses
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Social
comparison: Who? When? Why?
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Changing
attitudes and behaviors
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Persuasion
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Conformity,
compliance, and obedience
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The
role of norms
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Factors
affecting likelihood
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Change
through inconsistency
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Cognitive
dissonance theory
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Self-perception
theory
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Compliance
techniques: Examples and how they work
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Decision
making in groups
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Errors in
thinking and decision-making |
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